CPM® 9V
CPM 9V is designed for use in tooling which encounters severe wear. Its toughness (cracking resistance) is higher than other high-wear resistant cold work tool steels permitting it to be used in some applications where CPM 10V, D2 or high speed steels do not have sufficient resistance to cracking. It is usually limited in hardness to about 56 HRC or lower, and is therefore not intended for applications requiring high compressive strength.
Typical Chemistry
Carbon 1.80%
Manganese 0.50%
Silicon 0.90%
Chromium 5.25%
Molybdenum 1.30%
Vanadium 9.00%
Typical Applications
Forming Rolls Header Tooling
Punches Dies
Trim/Shear Blades Knives
Hardening

Critical Temperature: 1590F.

Preheat: 1100/1250F, equalize, 1500/1575F, equalize. Additional preheat at 1850-1900F is suggested for vacuum or atmosphere hardening from above 2000F.

High Heat: 1875/2050F, hold 10/60 minutes at temperature. 1950/2050F is generally recommended for the best all-around combination of properties.

Quench: Salt, air, positive pressure vacuum, or interrupted oil to below 125F (hand warm).

Temper: 1000/1200F, hold one hour per inch of thickness (two hours minimum). Temper twice if hardened from 2050F or lower; temper three times if hardened from above 2050F.
Typical Properties
Hardening Data
Tempering
HEAT TREAT RESPONSE ±1 HRC (NOTE A)
Temperature
1875F
1900F
1950F
2050F
°C
°F
(1025C)
(1040C)
(1065C)
(1120C)
As Quenced
53
54
56
58
540
1000
52
53
54
56
OPTIMUM FOR MAXIMUM TOUGHNESS AND EFFECTIVE STRESS-RELIEVING.
550
1025
51
52
53
55
565
1050
50
51
52
53
595
1100
46
47
49
51
620
1150
39
40
43
46
650
1200
33
34
37
40
NOTE A:
RESULTS MAY VARY WITH HARDENING METHOD AND SECTION SIZE. SALT OR OIL QUENCHING WILL GIVE MAXIMUM RESPONSE. VACUUM OR ATMOSPHERE COOLING MAY RESULT IN UP TO 1-2 HRC POINTS LOWER.
MINIMUM TIME AT
AUST TEMP (MINS)
60
45
30
20
MINIMUM NUMBER
OF TEMPERS (2 HRS)
2
2
2
2
Hardening temperatures >2100F (1150) are not generally recommended due to the resulting decreased toughness. See chart below. If hardness >HRC 56 is required, consider using CPM 3V or CPM 10V.

Toughness
Depending upon the application requirement for hardness, lowering the hardening temperature (underhardening) increases toughness.
Hardening
Tempering
Hardness
Charpy C-Notch
Bend Fracture
Temperature
Temperature
Impact Value
Strength
°F
°C
°F
°C
HRC
ft-lb
Joules
ksi
MPa
2150
1175
1025
550
57
26
35
606
4177
2100
1150
1025
550
56
36
48
–
–
2050
1120
1000
540
56
47
63
600
4136
1950
1065
1100
595
49
74
99
–
–
Surface Treatments
Because of its high tempering temperatures (>1000F), CPM 9V may be treated by most surface treating processes, including conventional and ion nitriding, titanium nitride coating, or other treatments. Nitrided surface hardness will be about 60/65 HRC.

Annealing
Heat to 1650F. Hold 2 hours at temperature, cool slowly (30F per hour maximum) to 1000F, then air cool to room temperature.
or
Heat to 1650F. Hold 2 hours at temperature, cool to 1400F, hold 6 to 8 hours at temperature, then air cool to room temperature.
Typical annealed hardness: 223/255 BHN

Stress Relieving
Annealed material: Heat uniformly to 1200/1250F, hold two hours at temperature, cool in still air to room temperature.
Hardened material: Heat uniformly to 25/50F below tempering temperature, hold two hours, cool in still air to room temperature.

Welding
Because of its high alloy content, repair welding of CPM 9V entails an inherent risk of cracking, either during welding, or in subsequent service. If welding is required, CPM 9V should be carefully preheated and post-heated, and handled like a high-alloy high speed steel grade.
    Weld filler selection depends on the functional requirements of the welded area. Non-working areas may be welded using H13 rod; high wear areas may require using higher alloyed filler material, such as M2 high speed steel.
Annealed material - Preheat to 800/1000F. Maintain above 600F during welding. Reanneal after welding, or temper 1400F 6 hours.
Hardened material - Preheat to 800/1000F. Maintain above 600F during welding. Cool to 125F (hand warm) after welding. Temper twice at 25/50F below original tempering temperature (1000F minimum). Consult a Crucible representative for more information prior to welding.
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